Oct 29, · World War I, also known as the Great War, began in after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His murder catapulted into a Nov 23, · Essay writing vision ias, alabama college essay prompt. What is the difference between fitness and health essay thesis for declaration of independence essay nursing dream job essay ww1 urdu? questions background in Mobile disadvantages essay - essay causes phone of. Essay agree or disagree structure, poor education system in the philippines essay Nov 15, · Essay about being together, how to keep your neighbourhood clean essay essayed souidi revolution essay | domyessay 3 french promo code of causes, essay reference examples i want to be a good teacher essay mera khwab essay in urdu, topics to talk about in an essay is a word essay long: one nation one election essay pdf my favourite movie
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World War I, also known as the Great War, began in after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His murder catapulted into a war across Europe that lasted until During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire the Central Powers fought against Great Britain, causes of ww1 essay, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States the Allied Powers. Thanks to new military technologies and the horrors of trench warfare, World War I saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction, causes of ww1 essay.
By the time the war was over and the Allied Powers claimed victory, more than 16 million people—soldiers and civilians alike—were dead.
Tensions had been brewing throughout Europe—especially in the troubled Balkan region of southeast Europe—for years before World War I actually broke out. A number of alliances involving European powers, causes of ww1 essay, the Ottoman Empirecauses of ww1 essay, Russia and other parties had existed for years, but political instability in the Balkans particularly Bosnia, Serbia and Herzegovina threatened to destroy these agreements.
The spark that ignited World War I was struck in Sarajevo, Bosnia, where Archduke Franz Ferdinand —heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire—was shot to death along with his wife, Sophie, by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28, Princip and other nationalists were struggling to end Austro-Hungarian rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand set off a rapidly escalating chain of events: Austria-Hungarylike many countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Serbian nationalism once and for all, causes of ww1 essay.
READ MORE: 8 Events Leading to the Outbreak of World War I. Because mighty Russia supported Serbia, Austria-Hungary waited to declare war until its leaders received assurance from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm II that Germany would support their cause. The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary then sent an ultimatum to Serbia, with such harsh terms as to make it almost impossible to accept.
Convinced that Austria-Hungary was readying for war, the Serbian government ordered the Serbian army to mobilize and appealed to Russia for assistance.
Within a week, Russia, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia had lined up against Austria-Hungary and Germany, causes of ww1 essay, and World War I had begun. READ Causes of ww1 essay World War I Battles: Timeline. According to an aggressive military strategy known as the Schlieffen Plan named for its mastermind, German Field Marshal Alfred von SchlieffenGermany began fighting World War I on two fronts, invading France through neutral Belgium in the west and confronting Russia in the east.
On August 4,German troops crossed the border into Belgium. In the first battle of World War I, the Germans assaulted the heavily fortified city of Liegeusing the most powerful weapons in their arsenal—enormous siege cannons—to capture the city by August The Germans left death and destruction in their wake as they advanced through Belgium toward France, shooting civilians and executing a Belgian priest they had accused of inciting civilian resistance.
In the First Battle of the Marnefought from September, French and British forces confronted the invading Germany army, which had by then penetrated deep into northeastern France, within 30 miles of Paris. The Allied troops checked the German advance and mounted a successful counterattack, driving the Germans back to north of the Aisne River.
The defeat meant the end of German plans for a quick victory in France. Both sides dug into trenchesand the Western Front was the setting for a hellish war of attrition that would last more than three years.
Particularly long and costly battles in this campaign were fought at Verdun February-December and the Battle of the Somme July-November German and French troops suffered close to a million casualties in the Battle of Verdun alone. READ MORE: 10 Things You May Not Know About the Battle of Verdun. In the latter poem, McCrae writes from the perspective of the fallen soldiers:, causes of ww1 essay. To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields. Visual artists like Otto Dix of Germany and British painters Wyndham Lewis, Paul Nash and David Bomberg used their firsthand experience as soldiers in World War I to create their art, capturing the anguish of trench warfare causes of ww1 essay exploring the themes of technology, violence and landscapes decimated by war.
READ MORE: How World War I Changed Literature. On the Eastern Front of World War I, Russian forces invaded the German-held regions of East Prussia and Poland, but were stopped short by German and Austrian forces at the Battle of Tannenberg in late August READ MORE: Was Germany Doomed by the Schlieffen Plan?
This increased hostility was directed toward the imperial regime of Czar Nicholas II and his unpopular German-born wife, Alexandra. Russia reached an armistice with the Central Powers in early Decemberfreeing German troops to face the remaining Allies causes of ww1 essay the Western Front.
At the outbreak of fighting inthe United States remained on the sidelines of World War I, adopting the policy of neutrality favored by President Woodrow Wilson while continuing to engage in commerce and shipping with European countries on both sides of the conflict. InGermany declared the waters surrounding the British Isles to be a war zone, and German U-boats sunk several commercial and passenger vessels, including some U.
Widespread protest over the sinking by U-boat of the Causes of ww1 essay ocean liner Lusitania —traveling from New York to Liverpool, England with hundreds of American passengers onboard—in May helped turn the tide of American public opinion against Germany.
Germany sunk four more U. merchant ships the following month, and on April 2 Woodrow Wilson appeared before Congress and called for a declaration of war against Germany.
READ MORE: Should the US Have Entered World War I? With World War I having effectively settled into a stalemate in Europe, the Allies attempted to score a victory against the Ottoman Empire, which entered the conflict on the side of the Central Powers in late After a failed attack on the Dardanelles the strait linking the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean SeaAllied forces led by Britain launched a large-scale land invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula in April The invasion also proved a dismal failure, and in January Allied forces staged a full retreat from the shores of the peninsula after sufferingcasualties.
British-led forces also combated the Ottoman Turks in Egypt and Mesopotamiawhile in northern Italy, Austrian and Italian troops faced off in a series of 12 battles along the Isonzo River, located at causes of ww1 essay border between the two nations.
In the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo, also known as the Battle of Caporetto OctoberGerman reinforcements helped Austria-Hungary win a decisive victory. British and French—and later, American—troops arrived in the region, and the Allies began to take back the Italian Front. The biggest naval engagement of World War I, the Battle of Jutland May left British naval superiority on the North Sea intact, and Germany would make no further attempts to break an Allied naval blockade for the remainder of the war.
World War I was the first major conflict to harness the power of planes. At the dawn of World War I, aviation was a relatively new field; the Wright brothers causes of ww1 essay their first sustained flight just eleven years before, in Aircraft were initially used primarily for reconnaissance missions. During the First Battle of the Marne, information passed from pilots allowed the allies to exploit weak spots in the German lines, helping the Allies to push Germany out of France.
The first machine guns were successfully mounted on planes in June of in the United States, but were imperfect; if timed incorrectly, a bullet could easily destroy the propeller of the plane it came from. The Morane-Saulnier L, a French plane, provided a solution: The propeller was armored with deflector wedges that prevented bullets from hitting it.
The Morane-Saulnier Type L was used by the French, the British Royal Flying Corps part of the Armythe British Royal Navy Air Service and the Imperial Russian Air Service. The British Bristol Type 22 was another popular model used for both reconnaissance work and as a fighter plane.
Dutch inventor Anthony Fokker improved upon the French deflector system in Though his most popular plane during WWI was the single-seat Fokker Eindecker, Fokker created over 40 kinds of airplanes for the Germans.
first introduced in were used to strike cities like London, causes of ww1 essay. On April 1,the British created the Royal Air Force, or RAF, the first air force to be a separate military branch independent from the navy or army. With Germany able to build up its strength on the Western Front after the armistice with Russia, Allied troops struggled to hold off another German offensive until promised reinforcements from the Causes of ww1 essay States were able to arrive.
On July 15,German troops launched what would become the last German offensive of the war, attacking French forces joined by 85, American troops as well as some of the British Expeditionary Force in the Second Battle of the Marne.
The Allies successfully pushed back the German offensive and launched their own counteroffensive just three days later. The Second Battle of the Causes of ww1 essay turned the tide of war decisively towards the Allies, who were able to regain much of France and Belgium in the months that followed. By the time World War I began, there were four all-Black regiments in the U.
military: the 24th and 25th Infantry and the 9th and 10th Cavalry. All four regiments comprised of causes of ww1 essay soldiers who fought in the Spanish-American War and American-Indian Warscauses of ww1 essay, and served in the American territories.
But they were not deployed for overseas combat in World War I. Blacks serving alongside white soldiers on the front lines in Europe was inconceivable to the U. Instead, the first African American troops sent overseas served in segregated labor battalions, restricted to menial roles in the Army and Navy, and shutout of the Marines, entirely, causes of ww1 essay.
Their duties mostly included unloading ships, transporting materials from train depots, causes of ww1 essay, bases and ports, digging trenches, cooking and maintenance, removing barbed wire and inoperable equipment, and burying soldiers. Facing criticism from the Black community and civil rights organizations for its quotas and treatment of African American soldiers in the war effort, the military formed two Black combat units inthe 92nd and 93rd Divisions.
Trained separately and inadequately in the United States, the divisions fared differently in the war. The 92nd faced criticism for their performance in the Meuse-Argonne campaign in September Causes of ww1 essay 93rd Division, however, had more success.
With dwindling armies, France asked America for reinforcements, and General John Pershingcauses of ww1 essay, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, sent regiments in the 93 Division to over, since France had experience fighting alongside Black soldiers from their Senegalese French Colonial army. More thanAfrican American soldiers would serve in World War I in various capacities. READ MORE: A Harlem Hellfighter's Searing Tales from the WWII Trenches. Despite the Turkish victory at Gallipoli, later defeats by invading forces and an Arab revolt that destroyed the Ottoman economy and devastated its land, and the Turks signed a treaty with the Allies in late October Austria-Hungary, dissolving from within due to growing nationalist movements among its diverse population, reached an armistice on November 4.
Facing dwindling resources on the battlefield, discontent on the homefront and the surrender of its allies, Germany was finally forced to seek an armistice on November 11,ending World War I. READ MORE: Why World War I Ended With an Armistice Instead of a Surrender.
At the Paris Peace Causes of ww1 essay inAllied leaders stated their desire to build a post-war world that would safeguard itself against future conflicts of such devastating scale. As the years passed, hatred of the Versailles treaty and its authors settled into a smoldering resentment in Germany that would, two decades later, be counted among the causes of World War Causes of ww1 essay. READ MORE: The Treaty of Versailles Punished Germany With These Provisions.
World War I took the lives of more than 9 million soldiers; 21 million more were wounded. Civilian casualties numbered close to 10 million. The two nations most affected were Germany and France, each of which sent some 80 percent of their male populations between the ages of 15 and 49 into battle, causes of ww1 essay.
READ MORE: The Perilous But Critical Role of World War I Runners. The political disruption surrounding World War I also contributed to the fall of four venerable imperial dynasties: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Turkey. World War I brought about massive social upheaval, as millions of women entered the workforce to replace men who went to war and those who never came back. The severe effects that chemical weapons such as mustard gas and phosgene had on soldiers and civilians during World War I galvanized public and military attitudes against their continued use.
The Geneva Convention agreements, signed inrestricted the use of chemical and biological agents in warfare and remains in effect today. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.
Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. When World War I broke out across Europe inPresident Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the United States would remain neutral, and many Americans supported this policy of nonintervention, causes of ww1 essay.
M-A-I-N Causes of World War I
, time: 11:58World War I: Summary, Causes & Facts - HISTORY
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